The Inspiring Primary Teaching book by David Hayes has taken me every train journey to and from Reading University to complete. Funnily enough as I went through each chapter I managed to relate that part of it in some way to my own experiences.
At the end of Chapter 2 The Characteristics of Effective Teachers, it describes in a case study of how Mr Clerk was chirpy, wanted his class to do well, didn't spare himself in offering advice, explained things carefully and celebrated openly when his class succeeded. I often look back at those who taught me including Mr Brian 'BA' Anderson, who was my Geography teacher from Year 7 right through to the end of my GCSE's. He was the only teacher in Secondary to teach me all 5 years and despite not taking it up as an A-Level, I have found that his sense of humour, strictness on presentation of our work, reward schemes, school camping trips and being the backbone of what was Turnpike Secondary School (until it closed in 1999) was one of the very reasons I decided to become a teacher.
Sadly for both the case study and my own experience, both teachers have since passed away. Mr Anderson's funeral was earlier this year and I had the honour of being there and seeing other students and teachers whom he had taught or worked with during his many years of service. Once during a lesson about the London Docks and the East End, he mentioned Eastenders and I decided to start humming the theme tune. His response was to get me to stand up on a chair and hum the whole theme tune in front of the entire class. Although it did embarrass me, it served two purposes; one that I would never do it again and two that I liked being a performer and it possibly helped form a path to my previous acting career.
In Chapter 4's Effective Questioning, it explains a lot about the purpose of questions, what types of questions are most relevant, what do pupils learn from being questioned and when is questioning likely to be most effective.
This is extremely important in assessment of pupils because it doesn't always have to be written work that will gauge pupil progress. I have seen some great examples of this where the teacher will question a child on what they have previously learnt (during starter this takes place), how does it link in with the LO and where do you think the lesson might lead to. Now this shows that the teacher doesn't have to do all the talking and telling but that the children can read, think, absorb and tell the teacher what they know. Just because a child can copy on paper what someone else has said does not necessarily mean they have learnt anything. Speaking and listening is one of the things I feel are important in education.
At University we looked at Blooms Taxonomy and strangely enough the following week I read the part which looks at Questioning and higher order thinking. This method of questioning begins with testing Knowledge - Straight forward answers, secondly moves on to testing Comprehension - Understanding of the answer and not just stating a fact, then it looks at Application - Links to practical activities that help to simulate creativity and foster imagination (How would you arrange the cubes to make an interesting shape? What can you do to work out the problem in a different way? What design would you use to build a magic castle out of chocolate?). As you can see this requires more than just basic knowledge and needs some form of thought, attention and imagination.
It then starts to progress to more complex questioning starting with Analysis- this has a variety of definitions, including; an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations; the process of splitting up an action, an event or an idea to understand how it works; a form of criticism in which the structure of something is scrutinsed. (What evidence can you find that one type of paper absorbs water more quickly than another? What are the points in favour of and against the suggestion?)
Synthesis quickly follows analysis and draws together separate points to create something new by using old ideas creatively or empolying new ones imaginatively.
(Can you think of a different way to take the register? How would you teach a bully to be kinder? and How would you go about designing a new school uniform?)
Finally and with all good questioning and indeed letter writing and scientific experiments, there is Evaluation - making a judgement or decision about the significance of quality if something, based on a careful study of its features. (What is your opinion of school dinners without chips of French fries? How can we decide who is the best teacher? How would you choose the winner of a fancy dress competition). This all requires some thought and its not a quick decision process. Often stats and other questions or even experiments have to be made before evaluations can happen.
The final chapter I would like to mention is Effective Communication. Without it this can cause disharmony is lessons, frustrate even the brightest of students and can cement problems for those already disaffected with learning or feel uninspired. This ultimately leads to restlessness and misbehaviour.
Actually listening to pupils and giving a genuine interest in them will benefit the long run. It may seem like a 5 min chat is the last thing you want to do but to the student this is an ideal time to let off steam, retell a story, tell you all about the playground at lunchtime and anything else that springs to mind just before taking the register or commencing a lesson.
Showing the qualities of listening to a student and responding with dialogue will enhance their own speaking and listening skills and possibly make them feel more at ease when answering to questions in class.
To summarise, I would say this book is extremely insightful, it has sections which can be called Reflect and Respond, which can be worked into your own teaching, each chapter is laid out with easy to read diagrams and description, full of teaching hints and case studies, and offers Key Questions at the beginning of each chapter to enable to reader a quick insight into the content.
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